What is Suprabasal acantholysis?

Suprabasal acantholysis, a common feature of several inflammatory skin diseases, develops exclusively within the germinative cellular pool of the epidermis. The process induces repair mechanisms by proliferation of cells in the suprabasal layers in whatever conditions it occurs, except in pemphigus vulgaris.

What is acantholysis in pemphigus vulgaris?

Abstract. Pemphigus vulgaris is a life-threatening autoimmune blistering disease targeting skin and mucous membranes, characterized by disruption of keratinocytes’ adhesion termed acantholysis.

What is skin acantholysis?

Acantholysis refers to the loss of attachments between keratinocytes, resulting in the formation of rounded, detached cells within the blister. From: Weedon’s Skin Pathology (Third Edition), 2010.

What does Suprabasal mean?

Above a basal layer
Above a basal layer.

What is focal acantholysis?

Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis (FAD) is a distinctive histologic pattern characterized by suprabasilar clefts surrounding dermal papillae (villi), acantholytic and dyskeratotic cells at all levels of the epidermis, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis.

What is pemphigus Vegetans?

Pemphigus vegetans is a rare variant of pemphigus vulgaris characterized by heaped up, cauliflower-like vegetating plaques in the flexures. [1] The disorder affects chiefly middle-aged adults. Lesions are primarily flexural, although vegetations may occur at any site.

What is a large blister called?

A larger blister is called a bulla. In many cases, vesicles break easily and release their fluid onto the skin.

What is acantholytic Acanthoma?

Acantholytic dyskeratotic acanthoma (ADA) is a rare benign condition characterized by circumscribed epidermal proliferation displaying both acantholysis and dyskeratosis. Most cases are clinically diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma, which leads to their excision and histopathologic examination.

Where is Suprabasal?

As the cells move to the upper layers of the epidermis they mature and eventually form cornified cells. The suprabasal cell layer lies directly above the basal layer and is composed of five to ten layers of cells.

What is a basal layer?

The basal layer is the innermost layer of the epidermis, and contains small round cells called basal cells. The basal cells continually divide, and new cells constantly push older ones up toward the surface of the skin, where they are eventually shed.

What is Grover’s disease look like?

The main symptoms of Grover’s disease are: Sudden rash on the chest, back, and sometimes arms and legs. Blisters containing a thin, watery liquid with a hair follicle in the center. Blisters clumped together, surrounded by a red swollen ring.

What is Corps Ronds?

Corps ronds refer to cells with small pyknotic nuclei, a perinuclear clear halo and eosinophilic cytoplasm (Figures 4 and 5). Grains are compressed cells with elongated nuclei seen in the stratum corneum and granular layer (Figures 4 and 5).

What is acantholytic Dyskeratotic Acanthoma?

What causes pemphigus Vegetans?

Pemphigus vulgaris occurs when the immune system mistakenly makes antibodies against proteins in healthy skin and mucous membranes. The antibodies break down the bonds between the cells, and fluid collects between the layers of the skin. This leads to blisters and erosions on the skin.

What’s the fluid in blisters called?

The clear, watery liquid inside a blister is called serum. It leaks in from neighboring tissues as a reaction to injured skin. If the blister remains unopened, serum can provide natural protection for the skin beneath it. Small blisters are called vesicles.

What are fluid-filled blisters called?

A bulla is a fluid-filled sac or lesion that appears when fluid is trapped under a thin layer of your skin. It’s a type of blister. Bullae (pronounced as “bully”) is the plural word for bulla. To be classified as a bulla, the blister must be larger than 0.5 centimeters (5 millimeters) in diameter.

What is suprabasal acantholysis?

Suprabasal acantholysis, a common feature of several inflammatory skin diseases, develops exclusively within the germinative cellular pool of the epidermis. The process induces repair mechanisms by proliferation of cells in the suprabasal layers in whatever conditions it occurs, except in pemphigus … Suprabasal acantholysis.

What causes large intraepidermal bullae without acantholysis?

Large intraepidermal bullae without acantholysis may represent healed subepidermal bullae (re-epitheliazation phenomemon) Blisters can be a result of spongiotic or lichenoid inflammatory reaction patterns, infection, autoimmune mediated processes, inherited / genetic mutations, paraneoplastic, drug and physical injury / external alterations

What is acantholysis of the epidermis?

Acantholysis is the disruption of intercellular junctions (desmosomes) between keratinocytes of the epidermis. The process is initiated by damage to transmembrane glycoproteins belonging to the cadherin family of adhesion molecules and leads to splitting of the extracellular core of the desmosomes.

What are the histologic features of intraepidermal acantholytic dyskeratotic cells?

The histologic features of intraepidermal acantholytic, dyskeratotic cells including corps ronds and grains can be indistinguishable from those of Darier’s disease and Hailey–Hailey disease. Corps ronds are cells with pyknotic nuclei with surrounding clear halo in the granular layer of epidermis.