Are fullerenes toxic?

Furthermore, frustrated phagocytosis due to the fibrous shape of long carbon nanotubes can lead to further implications. Toxicity of fullerenes Nanotubes as compact tangles might lead to lung fibrosis and cancer, whereas as fibres they might also affect the pleura and cause mesothelioma, like asbestos.

What are the disadvantages of fullerene?

Disadvantages include: (a) highly hydrophobic and prone to aggregation; (b) overall short wavelength absorption; (c) relatively high molecular weight; (d) paradoxically can be anti-oxidants; (e) lack of fluorescence emission for imaging.

Is C60 poisonous?

Available data clearly shows that pristine C60 has no acute or sub-acute toxicity in a large variety of living organisms, from bacteria and fungal to human leukocytes, and also in drosophila, mice, rats and guinea pigs.

Does C60 damage DNA?

Our findings reveal a general mode by which C60 causes DNA/RNA damage or other toxic effects at a systematic level, suggesting it should be cautious to handle these nanomaterials in various medical applications.

Why is fullerene used in medicine?

Fullerene is able to fit inside the hydrophobic cavity of HIV proteases, inhibiting the access of substrates to the catalytic site of enzyme. It can be used as radical scavenger and antioxidant.

Does C60 cause inflammation?

The anti-inflammatory properties of non-modified fullerene C60 (FC60) by adjuvant arthritis in Wistar rats have been studied. It was shown that the intraperitoneal introduction of FC60 (50 ng) reveals an anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective actions in the phase of systemic manifestation of adjuvant arthritis.

Does C60 cause DNA damage?

Does C60 lower blood pressure?

Results: Clonidine lowers blood pressure by decreasing the levels of certain chemicals in blood. This allows blood vessels to relax and the heart to beat more slowly and easily. Results indicated that combining medicine and C60 considerably decreases the energy level and increases the bipolar momentum.

Is C60 good for inflammation?

C60 olive oil is reported to reduce the effects of aging, increase lifespan, reduce pain/inflammation, and power up the immune system.

What are the medical uses of fullerenes?

Fullerene molecule can be used as an antioxidant because it can easily react with radicals due to the high affinity of the electron. At the same time, Fullerene is used as an anti-aging and anti-damage agent in the cosmetic sector. Fullerenes are used as antiviral agents.

How much C60 should I take a day?

Define: Standard recommended daily use of C60 Although the natural variation per individual could be quite significant , the general recommendation is set at 5ml of C60 oil per day which accounts to 4 milligrams of carbon 60.

Is C60 good for arthritis?

These findings demonstrate that C60 has suppressive effects on synovitis and the resultant joint destruction in arthritis, suggesting that it could be useful for prevention and treatment of arthritis.

Why is fullerene an antioxidant?

Due to the free-radical theory of aging, highly active antioxidant activity can be the basis for unique antiaging (geroprotective) properties. Fullerene C60 is known to be able to inactivate hydroxyl radicals by attaching to double bonds [16].

How do fullerenes deliver drugs to the body?

Fullerenes are nanomolecular carbon cages that can serve as platforms for the delivery of drugs and imaging agents. There are several functional modes in which fullerenes can act as drug delivery nanomaterials. Fullerenes can have a direct bioactivity such as antioxidant activity when surface functionalized.

What do fullerenes do?

Fullerenes are active molecules. Fullerene molecule can be used as an antioxidant because it can easily react with radicals due to the high affinity of the electron. At the same time, Fullerene is used as an anti-aging and anti-damage agent in the cosmetic sector. Fullerenes are used as antiviral agents.

What is the example of fullerene?

Fullerenes are an allotropic form of carbon, consisting of pure carbon atoms. A well-known example is C60, which is shaped like a football, so metal ions and other active agents can be enclosed in the inner cavity.

Toxicity studies of fullerenes and derivatives Due to their unique properties, fullerenes, a model of carbon-based nanoparticles, have attracted considerable interest in many fields of research including material science and biomedical applications. The potential and the growing use of fullerenes and their mass production have raised several que …

Do fullerenes have Chronic dermal effects?

In addition, no studies have been identified that investigated prolonged exposure and therefore no conclusions on chronic dermal effects of fullerenes can be drawn. Consumer exposure from other consumer products may also occur through abrasion, but no quantitative data are available. However, such exposure is not expected to be very high. 4.2.

Is there an inflammatory response to fullerenes?

In vitro investigations indicate that an inflammatory response may be instrumental to the toxicity of fullerenes, as demonstrated by the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (e.g. Rouse et al., 2006, Park et al., 2010 ).

Is a human health risk assessment for fullerenes feasible?

The production of fullerenes and their use in consumer products is expected to increase in future. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and challenges associated with conducting a human health risk assessment for fullerenes based on the open literature, utilising an approach similar to that of a classical regulatory risk assessment.