What is an Ovalocyte?

Ovalocytes are egg-shaped RBCs commonly associated with vitamin B12 or folate deficiencies or megaloblastic anemias. The more severe the deficiency, the more prevalent the ovalocytes. Ovalocytes are frequently destroyed in the spleen, causing anemia.

What is red cell Alloantibodies?

In blood banking, an antibody formed in response to pregnancy, transfusion, or transplantation targeted against a blood group antigen that is not present on the person’s red blood cells.

What causes Cabot ring bodies?

Cabot rings are thin, threadlike ring- or “figure eight”–shaped red blood cell inclusions, likely remnants from mitotic spindles. They are rarely seen in peripheral blood, and their presence indicates a defect in erythrocyte production, especially in pernicious anemia and lead poisoning.

What is the normal red blood cells in urine?

Normal Results A normal result is 4 red blood cells per high power field (RBC/HPF) or less when the sample is examined under a microscope. The example above is a common measurement for a result of this test. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories.

What is Leptocytosis?

The condition in which red blood cells are thinner than normal and contain less HAEMOGLOBIN. Leptocytosis is a feature of iron deficiency ANAEMIA, THALASSAEMIA, liver disease and sometimes after SPLENECTOMY.

How is Ovalocyte formed?

Cell Formation: Elliptocytes and ovalocytes are formed only after the red blood cell has reached its normal and mature morphology. Elliptical features develop over time as the cell undergoes stress in the circulation.

How do you know if you have Alloantibodies?

The cross-match (XM; i.e., testing the patient’s serum against the donor’s RBCs) is intended as the check for ABO compatibility and for the detection of alloantibodies. It represents the most important pre-transfusion testing used in routine practice.

Are Alloantibodies clinically significant?

RBC alloantibodies that are known to cause HDFN were considered clinically significant.

What has Howell-Jolly bodies?

Howell-Jolly bodies are often seen when there is loss of splenic function as in congenital asplenia, after surgical removal, or in autosplenectomy in sickle cell anemia. They also can be found in hemolytic anemia. pernicious anemia, thalassemia, and leukemia.

Are red blood cells in urine serious?

Most causes of blood in your urine are not serious, But sometimes red or white blood cells in your urine can mean that you have a medical condition that needs treatment, such as a kidney disease, urinary tract infection, or liver disease.

What are Microcytes?

Microcytosis is a term used to describe red blood cells that are smaller than normal. Anemia is when you have low numbers of properly functioning red blood cells in your body. In microcytic anemias, your body has fewer red blood cells than normal.

What does ovalocytes +1 mean?

Ovalocytes are more fragile than normal red blood cells. About 1% of ovalocytes are found in a normal complete blood count. This percentage increases in all types of anemia and can be as high as 10% of the total RBCs: infectious anemias, cancer and leukaemia, thalassemias, etc.).

What is the difference between ovalocytes and elliptocytes?

Elliptocytes: Red blood cells are cigar or pencil shaped with parallel sides and an area of pallor. Ovalocytes: Are red blood cells that are oval or egg shaped.

What is the rule of three in blood bank?

Rules for what constitutes a proof of association vary from centre to centre, but a commonly accepted approach is the “rule of three”: if three cells that express the antigen in question all react with the patient’s plasma, and three cells that don’t express the antigen are also all non-reactive, the antibody can be …

What does a positive autocontrol mean?

Positive autocontrol is noted when cells taken from the patient and mixed with their own serum react positively. This is usually seen if there is an autoimmune process going on with the patient (antibody on his own cells) or a transfusion reaction (antibodies on donor cells in patient’s circulation).

What antibodies are Alloantibodies?

Alloantibodies are immune antibodies that are only produced following exposure to foreign red blood cell antigens.

• Produced by exposure to foreign red cell antigens which are non-self antigens but are of the same species.
• They react only with allogenic cells.
• Exposure occurs through pregnancy or transfusion.

What is an Alloantibodies?

alloantibodies: circulating atypical antibodies that are the result of prior antigenic stimulation from previous transfusion of blood products, pregnancy, or some other event. The presence of these antibodies may cause a delay in locating compatible blood products.

What is an RBC deposit slip?

The RBC deposit slip is pre-printed with all pertinent account information to ensure trouble-free, accurate processing. The slips are formatted for RBC banks, so their smaller size meets the bank’s standards. And the easy-to-use wrap-around cover separates the individual slips to make it easy to find the next one.

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